An Internet Exchange (often abbreviated as IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure that allows multiple internet networks (such as Internet Service Providers, ISPs, and Content Delivery Networks, CDNs) to connect and exchange internet traffic with one another. Instead of routing traffic through third-party networks, direct interconnection via an IXP allows for faster, more efficient, and often more cost-effective data exchange.

Key features and benefits of an Internet Exchange include:

1. Reduced Latency: Direct interconnection at an IXP often results in reduced path lengths, which can lead to lower latency for exchanged traffic.
2. Cost Efficiency: ISPs can often save costs by peering at IXPs, as they can avoid the transit fees they might otherwise pay to third-party networks for routing traffic.
3. Improved Bandwidth: Direct connections at an IXP can allow for increased transfer speeds and improved bandwidth usage.
4. Resilience and Redundancy: By connecting to multiple peers at an IXP, networks can enhance their resilience. If one route or peer experiences issues, traffic can be directed through another peer.
5. Localized Traffic: IXPs help keep local internet traffic within local infrastructure, avoiding the need to route it over long distances or through international gateways.
6. Growth of the Internet Ecosystem: IXPs play a crucial role in the development of the internet ecosystem in a region, fostering improved connectivity and local content hosting.

The IXP itself typically consists of network switches, routers, and the necessary infrastructure to support the many networks that connect to it. Each member network connecting to the IXP usually has its routing policy and decides which traffic it will route through the IXP and which connections it will establish (or "peer" with).

Peering at an IXP is typically governed by mutual agreements, which can be formal (paid peering) or informal (settlement-free peering). In the case of settlement-free peering, two networks agree to exchange traffic without payment, based on the mutual benefits of the connection.

In summary, an Internet Exchange Point (IXP) is a vital component of the internet's infrastructure, allowing networks to connect directly and exchange traffic, fostering improved performance, cost efficiencies, and the growth of the internet ecosystem.